石油巨頭們?cè)O(shè)定首個(gè)聯(lián)合碳目標(biāo)

據(jù)能源世界網(wǎng)7月16日倫敦報(bào)道，隨著對(duì)石油行業(yè)氣候態(tài)勢(shì)的壓力越來(lái)越大，包括沙特石油公司(saudi aramco)、和?？松梨?exxon mobil)在內(nèi)的一批世界頂級(jí)石油公司首次設(shè)定了削減溫室氣體排放總量的目標(biāo)。

然而，由油氣氣候倡議（OGCI）的12個(gè)成員設(shè)定的目標(biāo)被包括荷蘭皇家殼牌，BP和道達(dá)爾在內(nèi)的歐洲財(cái)團(tuán)單獨(dú)設(shè)定的更雄心勃勃的計(jì)劃所掩蓋。

該OGCI組織在一份聲明中表示，OGCI成員同意到2025年將其上游石油和天然氣綜合作業(yè)的平均碳強(qiáng)度從2017年的23公斤CO2E/BOE的集體基線降低到每桶石油當(dāng)量(CO2E/BOE)20—21公斤的CO2當(dāng)量。

強(qiáng)度目標(biāo)意味著絕對(duì)排放會(huì)隨著產(chǎn)量的增加而增加。

包括BP，雪佛龍，埃尼，Equinor，埃克森美孚，西方石油，巴西國(guó)家石油公司，雷普索爾，沙特阿美，殼牌和道達(dá)爾的OGCI油氣產(chǎn)量占世界油氣產(chǎn)量的30％以上。

OGCI董事長(zhǎng)兼前BP首席執(zhí)行官鮑勃·杜德利（Bob Dudley）告訴路透社稱，這是一個(gè)重要的里程碑，不是工作的終點(diǎn)，而是一個(gè)近期目標(biāo)……我們將繼續(xù)進(jìn)行校準(zhǔn)。

杜德利補(bǔ)充道，議員商定了一種常規(guī)方法來(lái)計(jì)算碳強(qiáng)度，目標(biāo)將延伸到其他行業(yè)，如液化天然氣和未來(lái)的煉油。

該公告標(biāo)志著美國(guó)最大的石油公司?？松梨诘闹匾兓?，該公司抵制了投資者的壓力，要求其改善對(duì)環(huán)境影響的披露。該公司沒(méi)有報(bào)告2019年的碳排放量。

一位發(fā)言人表示，?？松梨谥С諳GCI的目標(biāo)，以降低能源生產(chǎn)的碳強(qiáng)度，并“是該行業(yè)努力采取實(shí)際、有意義的步驟減少排放的一部分。

不同公司設(shè)定的目標(biāo)在范圍和定義上可能相差很大，因此很難進(jìn)行比較。

但是，OGCI的某些成員已經(jīng)超出或計(jì)劃超越共同目標(biāo)。

例如，根據(jù)全球最大的石油出口國(guó)沙特阿美年度報(bào)告，其在2019年的上游碳強(qiáng)度為10.1kg CO2e / boe。

挪威的Equinor計(jì)劃到2025年將其二氧化碳排放強(qiáng)度降低至8kg / boe以下。該公司表示，目前全球行業(yè)平均水平為18kg CO2e / boe。

OGCI表示，該組織的集體碳強(qiáng)度將每年進(jìn)行報(bào)告，并由安永作為獨(dú)立第三方審查數(shù)據(jù)。

該目標(biāo)包括減少甲烷排放量，這是該組織此前承諾削減的有效溫室氣體。

郝芬 譯自 能源世界網(wǎng)

原文如下:

Oil giants including Exxon set first joint carbon target

A group of the world's top oil companies including Saudi Aramco and Exxon Mobil have for the first time set targets to cut their combined greenhouse gas emissions as a proportion of production, as pressure on the sector's climate stance grows.

However, the target set by the 12 members of the Oil and Gas Climate Initiative (OGCI) is eclipsed by more ambitious plans set individually by the consortium's European members, including Royal Dutch Shell, BP and Total.

The OGCI members agreed to reduce the average carbon intensity of their aggregated upstream oil and gas operations to between 20 kg and 21 kg of CO2 equivalent per barrel of oil equivalent (CO2e/boe) by 2025, from a collective baseline of 23 kg CO2e/boe in 2017, the OGCI said in a statement.

Intensity targets mean absolute emissions can rise with increasing production.

The OGCI includes BP, Chevron, Eni, Equinor, Exxon, Occidental Petroleum, Petrobras, Repsol, Saudi Aramco, Shell and Total, which together account for over 30% of the world's oil and gas production.

"It is a significant milestone, it is not the end of the work, it is a near term target ... and we'll keep calibrating as we go forward," OGCI Chairman and former BP CEO Bob Dudley told Reuters.

The members agreed on a common methodology to calculate carbon intensity and the targets could be extended to other sectors such as liquefied natural gas and refining in the future, Dudley added.

The announcement marks an important change for Exxon, the largest U.S. oil company, which has resisted investor pressure to improve the disclosure of its impact on the environment. It did not report its carbon emissions in 2019.

Exxon supports the OGCI targets to decrease the carbon intensity of energy production and is "part of the industry's efforts to take practical, meaningful steps to reduce emissions," a spokesman said.

The targets set by different companies can vary widely in scope and definition, making it difficult to compare.

However, some members of the OGCI already exceed or plan to overshoot the joint target.

For example, Saudi Aramco, the world's top oil exporter, had an upstream carbon intensity of 10.1kg CO2e/boe in 2019, according to its annual report.

Norway's Equinor aims to reduce its CO2 intensity below 8kg/boe by 2025. It has said the current global industry average is 18 kg CO2e/boe.

OGCI said the group's collective carbon intensity would be reported annually, with data reviewed by EY, as an independent third party.

The target includes reductions in methane emissions, a potent greenhouse gas, which the group had previously committed to cut.