美國(guó)公布2萬(wàn)億美元基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施計(jì)劃

據(jù)能源信息統(tǒng)計(jì)4月4日消息，美國(guó)政府公布了一項(xiàng)為期10年、耗資2萬(wàn)億美元的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施計(jì)劃，其中提出了1000億美元的支出，用于升級(jí)和建設(shè)該國(guó)的電力傳輸系統(tǒng)。該計(jì)劃提供了一項(xiàng)有針對(duì)性的投資稅收抵免政策，以鼓勵(lì)建設(shè)至少20吉瓦的高壓輸電線路，并在能源部?jī)?nèi)部創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的電網(wǎng)部署機(jī)構(gòu)，以利用現(xiàn)有的公路和鐵路通行權(quán)。

白宮提議將清潔能源生產(chǎn)和儲(chǔ)存的投資和生產(chǎn)稅收抵免延長(zhǎng)10年，并制定能源效率和清潔電力標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(EECES)，以減少電費(fèi)和電力污染。該國(guó)計(jì)劃到2035年實(shí)現(xiàn)100%無(wú)碳發(fā)電。該計(jì)劃包括投資160億美元，用于堵塞零散的油氣井，恢復(fù)和回收廢棄的煤礦、硬巖和鈾礦。

此外，美國(guó)將投資1740億美元以擴(kuò)大電動(dòng)汽車市場(chǎng)并投資350億美元開發(fā)清潔能源技術(shù)，其中包括150億美元用于示范項(xiàng)目，例如公用事業(yè)規(guī)模的儲(chǔ)能,碳捕集與封存(CCS)、氫能、先進(jìn)的核能、稀土元素分離、浮動(dòng)海上風(fēng)能、生物燃料和產(chǎn)品、量子計(jì)算以及電動(dòng)汽車。最后，白宮計(jì)劃支出6210億美元用于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的實(shí)體基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和現(xiàn)代化的公共交通，2130億美元用于建造、保護(hù)和翻新超過(guò)200萬(wàn)幢住宅和商業(yè)建筑。

裘寅 編譯自 enerdata

原文如下：

The United States unveils a US$2,000bn infrastructure plan

The US administration has unveiled a 10-year US$2,000bn infrastructure plan, which proposes US$100bn in spending to upgrade and build out the country’s electric transmission system. The plan provides a targeted investment tax credit that incentivises the buildout of at least 20 GW of high-voltage capacity power lines and creates a new Grid Deployment Authority within the Department of Energy empowered to leverage existing rights-of-way along roads and railways.

The White House proposes to extent for a decade the investment and production tax credits for clean energy generation and storage and establish an Energy Efficiency and Clean Electricity Standard (EECES) aimed at cutting electricity bills and electricity pollution. The country intends to achieve 100% carbon-free power mix by 2035. The plan includes US$16bn to plug orphan oil and gas wells and restoring and reclaiming abandoned coal, hard rock, and uranium mines.

In addition, the country will invest US$174bn to boost the markets for electric vehicles and US$35bn to develop clean energy technology, including US$15bn in demonstrations projects such utility-scale energy storage, carbon capture and storage (CCS), hydrogen, advanced nuclear, rare earth element separations, floating offshore wind, biofuel and bioproducts, quantum computing, and electric vehicles. Finally, the White House plans to spend US$621bn for standard physical infrastructure and modernising public transit and US$213bn to produce, preserve, and retrofit more than 2 million homes and commercial buildings.