碳捕獲行業(yè)必須在30年內(nèi)達(dá)到石油工業(yè)的規(guī)模

據(jù)4月4日福布斯報道，上周，一家CCS智庫的負(fù)責(zé)人表示，捕獲和儲存二氧化碳的新興行業(yè)必須更快地擴(kuò)大到石油行業(yè)的規(guī)模。

全球CCS研究所(Global CCS Institute)負(fù)責(zé)人布拉德·佩奇(Brad Page)表示：“坦率地說，我們面臨著一個令人不安的現(xiàn)實，很難擺脫對碳捕捉和儲存的需求，既要避免排放，又要成為二氧化碳去除(CDR)的重要組成部分?！?/span>

他在斯坦福大學(xué)Precourt能源研究所主辦的一次研討會上表示:“單是CDR就需要一個至少與當(dāng)前油氣行業(yè)規(guī)模相當(dāng)?shù)男袠I(yè)，但運(yùn)作方式恰恰相反。值得注意的是，石油工業(yè)在許多國家已經(jīng)建立了50-100多年。這是一個不小的挑戰(zhàn)。”

石油工業(yè)每年運(yùn)輸約50億噸石油和天然氣。這不是它排放的二氧化碳的重量，而是它移動的石油和天然氣的重量。為了實現(xiàn)氣候目標(biāo)，全世界必須每年至少從大氣中去除5到100億噸的二氧化碳。這大約是全球塑料行業(yè)每年生產(chǎn)的材料重量的5倍。

佩奇表示，雖然有許多減少排放的舉措正在進(jìn)行中——轉(zhuǎn)向清潔能源、電氣化交通等，但在可預(yù)見的未來，一些人類活動需要碳捕捉技術(shù)，才能實現(xiàn)零排放。同時，難以脫碳的行業(yè)通常需要碳鋪獲和存儲來解決它們的排放問題:鋼鐵、化學(xué)品、水泥、化肥和塑料等。

全球碳鋪獲與封存研究所是一個國際智庫，旨在加速碳鋪獲與封存技術(shù)的應(yīng)用。全球有26個正在運(yùn)行的CCS設(shè)施和40多個正在開發(fā)或暫停的CCS設(shè)施。

佩奇指出，如果所有66家公司在運(yùn)營，它們每年將鋪獲并儲存1.02億噸二氧化碳。到2050年，產(chǎn)能可能要增加100倍。要實現(xiàn)氣候目標(biāo)，至少需要提前淘汰現(xiàn)有碳排放設(shè)施，并以巨大的規(guī)模，或每年減少數(shù)十億噸的碳捕獲和儲存設(shè)施投入使用，不過，最有可能的是,兩種方式的結(jié)合。

王佳晶 摘譯自 福布斯

原文如下：

Carbon Capture Has To Get As Big As Oil Industry In Less Than 30 Years

The nascent industry that captures and stores carbon dioxide has to scale to the size of the oil industry much faster than oil did, the head of a CCS think tank said last week.

“We have an uncomfortable reality, quite frankly,” said Brad Page, head of the Global CCS Institute. “It’s very hard to get away from needing carbon capture and storage both to avoid emissions and also to be a significant part of carbon dioxide removal (CDR).”

“CDR alone is going to require an industry at least the size of the current oil and gas industry,” he said in a seminar hosted by the Stanford Precourt Institute for Energy, “but operating in reverse. And it’s worth remembering that (oil) industry has been built over more than 50-100 years in many countries. This is no small challenge.”

The oil industry moves about 5 gigatons of oil and gas per year. That’s not the weight of the carbon dioxide it emits, but the weight of the oil and gas it moves. To meet climate goals, the world has to remove at least that weight of carbon dioxide—5 to 10 gigatons—from the atmosphere each year, Page said.

That’s about 5 times the weight of the material produced annually by the global plastics industry.

While there are many initiatives underway to reduce emissions—switching to clean energy, electrified transportation, and a plant-based diet—some human activities will need carbon capture for the foreseeable future, Page said, in order to be emissions free.

“We have hard-to-decarbonize sectors,” he said, “and these generally need carbon capture and storage to address their emissions: steel, chemicals, cement, fertilizers and plastics as a range of examples, but again, it’s not the whole list.”

The Global CCS Institute is an international think tank seeking to accelerate the deployment of carbon capture and storage. It knows of 26 operating CCS facilities and 40 more that are either in development or suspended.

Were all 66 operating, Page said, they would collectively capture and store 102 megatons of carbon dioxide per year. Capacity may have to increase 1oo-fold by 2050, Page said.

“To achieve climate goals requires, among many other things, at least the premature retirement of existing facilities, and at an enormous scale, or many many gigatons of annual abatement of carbon capture and storage on those facilities. Or most likely, a combination of the two.”