蘇伊士運河堵塞對石油運輸意味著什么

據(jù)路透社3月26日倫敦報道，打撈公司稱，一艘堵塞埃及蘇伊士運河的巨型集裝箱船可能會被困數(shù)周，這將阻礙連接歐洲、中東和亞洲的石油和燃料運輸。

有多少石油經(jīng)過這條運河？

根據(jù)油輪跟蹤公司Kpler的數(shù)據(jù)，2020年通過海運方式每天進口的原油為3920萬桶，其中174萬桶通過蘇伊士運河。

原油桶運向哪個方向？

原油和精煉燃料雙向流經(jīng)193公里（120英里）長的蘇伊士運河。根據(jù)Kpler的數(shù)據(jù)，2020年歐洲每天從蘇伊士運河以東地區(qū)進口55萬桶原油，其中絕大部分通過運河進口。

通過蘇伊士運河進口到南亞和東亞的原油量在2020年6月達到了127萬桶/日的高位，后來在11月觸及31萬桶/日的最低點。

精煉產(chǎn)品的情況如何？

根據(jù)Kpler的數(shù)據(jù)，去年全球精煉產(chǎn)品進口量中只有不到9%或154萬桶/日通過蘇伊士運河。塑料原料石腦油在運河的精煉產(chǎn)品流量中占了很大一部分。

Kpler稱，截至周四，兩艘載有柴油和噴氣燃料的中間餾分油貨船正等待進入地中海，而兩艘載有石腦油的船只正等待開始東行。

是否有管道與運河平行？

據(jù)Sumed網(wǎng)站，連接蘇伊士灣和地中海的320公里（200英里）的蘇梅德管道將80%的石油從中東灣運往歐洲。

該管道的運量約為280萬桶/日，但利用率通常遠低于運量。根據(jù)美國能源信息署的數(shù)據(jù)，2018年約有130萬桶/日流經(jīng)該管道系統(tǒng)。

沈韓曄 摘譯自 路透社

原文如下：

Factbox: What does the Suez Canal blockage mean for oil shipments?

A giant container ship blocking Egypt's Suez Canal might be stuck for weeks, the salvage company said, throttling oil and fuel shipments connecting Europe, the Middle East and Asia.

HOW MUCH OIL GOES THROUGH THE CANAL?

Of the 39.2 million barrels per day (bpd) of crude oil imported by seaborne methods in 2020, 1.74 million bpd went through the Suez Canal, according to tanker tracking firm Kpler.

WHICH DIRECTION DO CRUDE OIL BARRELS FLOW?

Crude oil and refined fuels flow in both directions through the 193 km (120 mile) long Suez Canal. In 2020 Europe imported 550,000 bpd of crude from sources located east of Suez of which the vast majority went through the canal, according to Kpler.

Imports into South and East Asia via the Suez Canal hit a high of 1.27 million bpd in June 2020, although arrivals later bottomed out at just 310,000 bpd in November.

WHAT ABOUT REFINED PRODUCTS?

Just under 9% or 1.54 million bpd of global refined product imports flowed through the Suez Canal last year, according to Kpler. Plastics feedstock naphtha makes up a large portion of refined product flows in the canal.

As of Thursday, two middle distillate cargoes carrying diesel and jet fuel were waiting to travel into the Mediterranean, while two vessels carrying naphtha were waiting to start their journey east, Kpler said.

ARE THERE PIPELINES PARALLEL TO THE CANAL?

The 320 km (200 mile) Sumed pipeline connecting the Gulf of Suez with the Mediterranean transports 80% of the oil shipped from the Middle East Gulf to Europe, according to the Sumed website.

The pipeline has a capacity of about 2.8 million bpd but utilisation is often well below capacity. About 1.3 million bpd flowed through the system in 2018, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration.