美國(guó)煉廠調(diào)整產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)以適應(yīng)需求變化

據(jù)烴加工在線8月28日消息，由于新型冠狀病毒疫情的大流行以及為減輕疫情所采取的努力，美國(guó)對(duì)交通燃料的需求自3月中旬以來(lái)已經(jīng)大幅下降。尤其是汽油和航空燃油的需求已經(jīng)下降到多年來(lái)的最低水平。

為了應(yīng)對(duì)這種情況，美國(guó)煉油廠減少了它們的業(yè)務(wù)，以適應(yīng)石油產(chǎn)品總需求不斷變化的水平，并做出了其他改變，導(dǎo)致汽油和航空燃料的產(chǎn)量相應(yīng)地減少，餾分燃料油的產(chǎn)量則出現(xiàn)增加。從4月份開(kāi)始，美國(guó)煉油商通過(guò)減少整體煉油裝置開(kāi)工率水平來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)運(yùn)輸燃料需求的減少。

與2019年全年日均1700萬(wàn)桶的加工量相比，2020年4月美國(guó)煉油廠開(kāi)工率下降了22%，5月份美國(guó)煉油廠開(kāi)工率水平比2019年全年的平均水平下降了21%。以供應(yīng)產(chǎn)品來(lái)衡量，這些降幅在很大程度上類似于這幾個(gè)月美國(guó)成品油需求的總體降幅。因?yàn)槊绹?guó)大部分地區(qū)在3月底開(kāi)始采取旅行限制和其他措施，對(duì)汽油和航空燃油的需求帶來(lái)了顯著的不利影響,煉油廠被迫改變操作方式,導(dǎo)致少生產(chǎn)汽油和航空燃油，多生產(chǎn)餾分燃料油。

張春曉 摘譯自 烴加工在線

原文如下：

Changing demand for petroleum products has led to operational changes at U.S. refineries

Demand for transportation fuels in the United States has fallen since mid-March because of the spread of coronavirus and efforts to mitigate it. Demand for motor gasoline and jet fuel in particular has fallen to its lowest levels in years. In response, U.S. refineries reduced their operations to adjust to changing levels of overall demand for petroleum products and made other changes that resulted in proportionately less production of motor gasoline and jet fuel and more production of distillate fuel oil.

Beginning in April, refiners responded to less demand for transportation fuels by decreasing overall refinery runs. Refinery runs were 22% lower in April 2020 compared with the full year 2019 average of 17.0 million barrels per day (b/d). In May, inputs to distillation units were similar, at 21% lower than the 2019 average. These reductions largely resembled the overall declines in demand for finished petroleum products in those months, as measured by product supplied.

Because demand for motor gasoline and jet fuel was disproportionately affected by travel restrictions and other measures that were in place throughout much of the United States starting in late March, refineries changed operations in ways that resulted in less production of motor gasoline and jet fuel and more production of distillate fuel oil.