美國(guó)將聚焦全球天然氣市場(chǎng)發(fā)展

據(jù)今日油價(jià)7月11日?qǐng)?bào)道，BP《2020年世界能源統(tǒng)計(jì)評(píng)論》，提供了國(guó)家一級(jí)主要能源供求的全面情況，也涵蓋了總體能源消耗和石油供求方面內(nèi)容。

在天然氣的生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)方面。天然氣是最清潔的化石燃料，也是增長(zhǎng)最快的化石燃料，在過去十年里，全球平均年增長(zhǎng)率為2.6%。

相比之下，石油在過去10年的增長(zhǎng)率為1.3%，全球煤炭的增長(zhǎng)率為0.8%。展望未來，天然氣預(yù)計(jì)將是未來20年唯一需求將大幅增長(zhǎng)的化石燃料。

過去10年，美國(guó)頁巖氣的繁榮推動(dòng)美國(guó)成為全球最大的天然氣生產(chǎn)國(guó)。2019年，美國(guó)在全球天然氣產(chǎn)量中占有23.1%的絕對(duì)份額，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過俄羅斯(17.0%)，甚至超過整個(gè)中東(17.4%)。

2019年，前十大天然氣生產(chǎn)國(guó)占世界天然氣供應(yīng)量的70%。去年，美國(guó)天然氣日產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)10.2%，達(dá)到891億立方英尺，比2005年增長(zhǎng)了88%。事實(shí)上，美國(guó)2019年的產(chǎn)量比其他任何兩個(gè)國(guó)家全年的產(chǎn)量加起來還要多。

在過去的十年里，美國(guó)的天然氣產(chǎn)量以年均4.4%的速度增長(zhǎng)。這實(shí)際上落后于澳大利亞(12.1%)、卡塔爾(8.3%)的平均年增長(zhǎng)率。

排名全球前6的天然氣消費(fèi)國(guó)也都在前10個(gè)天然氣生產(chǎn)國(guó)之列，鑒于天然氣不像石油那樣容易運(yùn)輸，天然氣生產(chǎn)國(guó)和消費(fèi)國(guó)排名存在很多重疊也就不足為奇了。

美國(guó)天然氣產(chǎn)量的激增也使美國(guó)成為全球液化天然氣(NGL)產(chǎn)量第一的國(guó)家。美國(guó)擁有全球40%的液化天然氣產(chǎn)量，其中大部分天然氣將用于煉油廠或石化生產(chǎn)。

然而，由于美國(guó)消耗了其生產(chǎn)的大部分天然氣，在液化天然氣出口方面落后于另外兩個(gè)國(guó)家?？ㄋ栆?2.1%的液化天然氣出口量位居全球第一，其次是澳大利亞(21.6%)、美國(guó)(9.8%)、俄羅斯(8.1%)和馬來西亞(7.2%)。

但美國(guó)是世界上增長(zhǎng)最快的液化天然氣出口國(guó)，過去十年的年均增長(zhǎng)率為40%。去年，美國(guó)是全球第三大液化天然氣出口國(guó)，但僅僅五年前，美國(guó)的液化天然氣出口量還排在全球第18位。

王佳晶 摘譯自 今日油價(jià)

原文如下：

The U.S. Is Determined To Dominate Global Natural Gas Markets

This article is the third in a series on the BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2020. The Review provides a comprehensive picture of supply and demand for major energy sources on a country-level basis. Previous articles covered overall energy consumption and petroleum supply and demand.

Today, I want to cover the production and consumption of natural gas.

Natural gas is the cleanest of the fossil fuels. It is also fastest-growing fossil fuel, with a global 2.6 percent average annual growth rate over the past decade.

In comparison, oil grew at a rate of 1.3 percent over the past decade, and coal grew globally at 0.8 percent. Looking ahead, natural gas is projected to be the only fossil fuel that will see substantial demand growth over the next two decades.

Over the past decade, the U.S. shale gas boom propelled the U.S. into the global lead among natural producers. In 2019, the U.S. held a commanding 23.1 percent share of global natural gas production, well ahead of Russia (17.0 percent) and even the entire Middle East (17.4 percent).

The Top 10 producers of natural gas accounted for 70 percent of the world’s natural gas supply in 2019. U.S. production grew 10.2 percent last year to 89.1 billion cubic feet (BCF) per day, which was 88 percent higher than in 2005. In fact, last year’s production was more than the combined production of any other two countries in any year ever.

Over the past decade, U.S. natural gas production has grown at an average annual rate of 4.4 percent. During that time period, that actually lags the average annual growth rate in Australia (12.1 percent), Qatar (8.3 percent).

Given that natural gas isn’t as easily transported as oil, it shouldn’t be a huge surprise that there is a lot of overlap between natural gas producers and consumers. The Top 6 consumers of natural gas are all listed among the Top 10 producers as well.

The surge of natural gas production in the U.S. has also launched the U.S. into first place globally in natural gas liquids (NGL) production. The U.S. has a 40 percent global share of NGL production, with most of the NGLs destined for refineries or petrochemical production.

However, because the U.S. consumes most of the natural gas it produces, it lags two other countries in the export of liquefied natural gas (LNG, which is different than NGL). Qatar is in first place globally with a 22.1 percent share of LNG exports, followed by Australia (21.6 percent), the U.S. (9.8 percent), Russia (8.1 percent), and Malaysia (7.2 percent).

But the U.S. is the world’s fastest-growing LNG exporter, with a 40 percent average annual growth rate over the past decade (and a 66 percent increase from 2018 to 2019). For perspective, last year the U.S. was the 3rd largest LNG exporter, but just five years earlier the U.S. ranked 18th globally in LNG exports.

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