為實現(xiàn)氣候目標(biāo) 能源創(chuàng)新支出需增加兩倍

據(jù)彭博社7月2日報道，國際能源署(International energy Agency)稱，政府在發(fā)展清潔能源技術(shù)方面的支出在未來10年內(nèi)需要增加兩倍，以避免氣候變化帶來最壞影響。

隨著風(fēng)力發(fā)電和太陽能發(fā)電的迅速發(fā)展，電力排放大大減少，其他重工業(yè)仍需開發(fā)新技術(shù)來減少碳足跡。國際能源署總干事法提赫·比羅爾在接受采訪時表示，為了盡快實現(xiàn)本世紀(jì)中葉的氣候目標(biāo)，各國政府需要在2030年前加大對清潔能源研發(fā)的投入。

比羅爾表示：“如果沒有更快的清潔能源創(chuàng)新，在2050年實現(xiàn)凈零目標(biāo)幾乎是不可能的。設(shè)定雄心勃勃的氣候目標(biāo)是一個勇敢的政策決定，但實現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)需要的不僅僅是勇氣。”

根據(jù)國際能源署關(guān)于清潔能源創(chuàng)新的特別報告，雖然許多減少高污染行業(yè)碳排放的技術(shù)已經(jīng)存在，但這些技術(shù)需要資金來開發(fā)，以備在工業(yè)規(guī)模上使用。使世界走上可持續(xù)發(fā)展道路所需的減排，將有一半以上來自目前處于初始階段的技術(shù)，包括不需要煤就能煉鋼，在電解槽中分解水來生產(chǎn)氫。

重工業(yè)的投資周期一般為25年，下一輪投資預(yù)計在2030年左右開始。隨著世界各國政府都在尋求投資數(shù)十億或數(shù)萬億美元，以使經(jīng)濟(jì)體擺脫經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。因此，調(diào)整這些投資，為新清潔技術(shù)創(chuàng)造市場，可以避免鎖定排放，從而推遲實現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵氣候目標(biāo)的時間計劃。國際能源署的報告稱，如果在這些新興市場上投入資金，可以減少多達(dá)600億噸的排放，這大約是2019年全球排放量的兩倍。

王佳晶 摘譯自 彭博社

原文如下：

Energy Innovation Spend Needs to Triple by 2030 to Hit Climate Goals

Government spending to develop clean energy technologies needs to triple this decade in order to prevent the worst effects of climate change, according to the International Energy Agency.

As the rapid acceleration of wind and solar farms have significantly decreased emissions from electricity, other emissions-heavy industries still need to develop new technologies to reduce their carbon footprint. To scale up fast enough to reach mid-century climate goals, governments will need to ramp up spending on clean energy research and development by 2030, the IEA’s executive director Fatih Birol said in an interview.

“In the absence of much faster clean energy innovation, achieving net zero goals in 2050 will be all but impossible,” Birol said. “Setting ambitious climate goals is a courageous policy decision, but realizing them requires more than courage.”

While many technologies to reduce carbon emissions from high-polluting sectors like steel and chemical production and shipping already exist, they will need funding to develop to the point that they’re ready to be deployed at industrial scale, according to IEA’s special report on clean energy innovation. More than half of the emissions reductions needed to get the world on a sustainable path will come from technologies that are currently at the prototype stage, including producing steel without the need for coal, or early-adoption stage, such as producing hydrogen from splitting water in electrolyzers.

Heavy industries generally invest in 25-year cycles, with the next round expected to begin around 2030. As governments around the world look to invest billions or trillions of dollars to pull economies out of the coronavirus-triggered slump, aligning those investments to create markets for new clean technologies can avoid locking in emissions that would delay the timeline for hitting crucial climate goals. As much as 60 billion tons of emissions, about twice what the world spewed out in 2019, could be prevented if money is spent in these new markets, the IEA’s report said.