歐佩克把石油產(chǎn)量削減到1991年以來(lái)最低水平

據(jù)美國(guó)彭博新聞社倫敦報(bào)道，由于歐佩克因疫情再次威脅需求加大了復(fù)蘇全球市場(chǎng)的努力，歐佩克把石油產(chǎn)量大幅削減到了1991年海灣戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以來(lái)的最低水平。

據(jù)彭博社的一次調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，沙特忠實(shí)地履行了6月份承諾的額外限制措施，而落后的國(guó)家盡管在實(shí)施限制措施方面仍落后，但表現(xiàn)有所改善。歐佩克及其合作伙伴自今年5月以來(lái)創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的減產(chǎn)幫助重振了石油市場(chǎng)，但美國(guó)等國(guó)近期病例的激增凸顯了這一復(fù)蘇的脆弱性。

調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，歐佩克6月份把石油日產(chǎn)量削減了193萬(wàn)桶，至2269萬(wàn)桶。這是自1991年5月海灣戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以來(lái)的最低水平，盡管自那以后成員資格的變化影響了比較。

此次調(diào)查是基于來(lái)自政府官員提供的信息、船舶跟蹤數(shù)據(jù)和來(lái)自挪威能源研究公司雷斯塔能源公司、Rapidan 能源集團(tuán)、JBC 能源公司和Kpler SAS等咨詢公司的估計(jì)。

歐佩克+的干預(yù)已使基準(zhǔn)布倫特原油價(jià)格從4月份的低點(diǎn)上漲了一倍以上。據(jù)估計(jì)，4月份疫情爆發(fā)導(dǎo)致全球需求減少了大約三分之一。7月1日，油價(jià)每桶超過(guò)了41美元。

然而，歐佩克的石油產(chǎn)量降至近30年來(lái)的最低水平說(shuō)明了其所涉及的犧牲規(guī)模之大。在4月份舉行的一次會(huì)議上，歐佩克+承諾每日減產(chǎn)970萬(wàn)桶，約占全球供應(yīng)量的10%，一些中東成員國(guó)隨后又承諾在6月份自愿進(jìn)一步減產(chǎn)。

歐佩克最大的成員國(guó)沙特6月份把石油日產(chǎn)油量削減了113萬(wàn)桶，至753萬(wàn)桶，并全面實(shí)施了額外的自愿減產(chǎn)。同為波斯灣石油出口國(guó)的科威特和阿聯(lián)酋也實(shí)現(xiàn)了歐佩克規(guī)定的減產(chǎn)目標(biāo)，但僅完成了額外自愿減產(chǎn)的一小部分。

李峻 編譯自 彭博社

原文如下：

OPEC cuts production to 1991 levels in bid to revive oil demand

OPEC slashed oil production to the lowest level since the Gulf War in 1991, as it escalated efforts to revive global markets just as a resurgence of the coronavirus is threatening demand again.

Saudi Arabia faithfully delivered the extra curbs promised in June, and the laggards, though still trailing in implementing the cuts, stepped up their performance, according to a Bloomberg survey. OPEC and its partners’ record output cuts since May have helped revive the oil market, but a recent surge of Covid-19 infections in countries including the U.S. is highlighting the fragility of the revival.

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries cut production by 1.93 million barrels a day to 22.69 million a day last month, according to the survey. That’s the lowest since May 1991, though membership changes since then affect the comparison.

The survey is based on information from officials, ship-tracking data and estimates from consultants including Rystad Energy A/S, Rapidan Energy Group, JBC Energy GmbH and Kpler SAS.

The intervention by OPEC+, the coalition that spans the cartel plus outsiders such as Russia, has helped more than double benchmark Brent crude from the lows of April, when the virus outbreak is estimated to have taken out about a third of global demand. Prices were above $41 a barrel on Wednesday.

Yet the pullback in the group’s output to the lowest in almost three decades illustrates the scale of the sacrifice involved. OPEC+ pledged 9.7 million barrels a day of cuts at a meeting in April -- about 10% of global supplies -- and some of its Middle East members then promised to voluntarily cut even deeper in June.

Saudi Arabia, the group’s biggest member, cut back by 1.13 million barrels a day to 7.53 million in June, fully implementing its additional voluntary reduction. Fellow Persian Gulf exporters Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates met their OPEC-mandated targets, but fulfilled only a small part of the extra curbs.