美國(guó)在油價(jià)暴跌期間失去10萬(wàn)個(gè)油氣工作崗位

據(jù)美國(guó)鉆井網(wǎng)站2020年6月15日?qǐng)?bào)道，根據(jù)挪威能源研究和商業(yè)情報(bào)公司雷斯塔能源公司（Rystad Energy）對(duì)美國(guó)勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)局公布的最新統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的分析，美國(guó)石油和天然氣市場(chǎng)是受最近經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退影響最嚴(yán)重的市場(chǎng)之一。據(jù)雷斯塔能源公司稱，美國(guó)油氣行業(yè)在油價(jià)暴跌期間已經(jīng)失去了超過10萬(wàn)個(gè)工作崗位，其中大部分來(lái)自于支持活動(dòng)市場(chǎng)。

數(shù)據(jù)顯示，受油價(jià)暴跌影響最大的4個(gè)油氣部門分別是：

?支持油氣業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)部門，新增工作崗位從疫情爆發(fā)前的23.355萬(wàn)個(gè)減少到4.455萬(wàn)個(gè)，

?管道、天然氣及相關(guān)建設(shè)部門，工作崗位從22.7萬(wàn)個(gè)減少到1.6萬(wàn)個(gè)，

?鉆探油氣井部門，工作崗位從7.945萬(wàn)個(gè)減少到1.345萬(wàn)個(gè)，

?石油和天然氣開采部門，工作崗位從15.66萬(wàn)個(gè)崗位減少到9600個(gè)。

雷斯塔能源公司在其分析中包括了更多油氣產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的組成部分，并獨(dú)立估計(jì)到目前為止裁員總數(shù)將超過10萬(wàn)人。雷斯塔能源公司的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，在上述4個(gè)部門中，支持活動(dòng)部門受到的打擊最大，比2月份疫情爆發(fā)前的水平下降了20%。

雷斯塔能源公司負(fù)責(zé)能源服務(wù)研究的副總裁Matthew Fitzsimmons稱，“裁員主要是由于國(guó)內(nèi)石油需求急劇萎縮導(dǎo)致油價(jià)暴跌和供需失衡?！薄盀榱藨?yīng)對(duì)疲軟的需求，運(yùn)營(yíng)商和服務(wù)提供商都在瘋狂裁員。”

除了應(yīng)對(duì)正在進(jìn)行的工作帶來(lái)的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)外，各大運(yùn)營(yíng)商還推遲或取消了新設(shè)施建設(shè)。

雷斯塔能源公司在一份書面聲明中稱：“僅在路易斯安那州，今年計(jì)劃的LNG投資的40%多投資已被推遲或取消。建筑勞動(dòng)力需求的復(fù)蘇可能需要一段時(shí)間，因?yàn)橥七t意味著工程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目將錯(cuò)過天氣窗口。此外，服務(wù)企業(yè)脆弱的金融穩(wěn)定性可能會(huì)讓他們?cè)谛蝿?shì)好轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)無(wú)法迅速增加招聘?！?/span>

雷斯塔能源公司估計(jì)，由于各油氣公司在“新常態(tài)”的石油市場(chǎng)中調(diào)整投資規(guī)模，公司將大幅削減薪酬。據(jù)雷斯塔能源公司估計(jì)，到明年，各行各業(yè)的工資很可能至少會(huì)下降8%-10%。

Fitzsimmons 說(shuō)：“總的說(shuō)來(lái)，裁員對(duì)油田服務(wù)行業(yè)的影響將大于勘探和生產(chǎn)企業(yè)。由于經(jīng)濟(jì)低迷，油田服務(wù)行業(yè)可能會(huì)看到超過20%的頁(yè)巖、陸上和海上員工被裁減。當(dāng)其他行業(yè)開始看到勞動(dòng)力需求走上復(fù)蘇之路時(shí)，然而對(duì)油氣行業(yè)勞動(dòng)者而言，要看到需求增加，將被迫將再次等待更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。

李峻 編譯自 美國(guó)鉆井網(wǎng)站

原文如下：

Rystad Says Over 100K US Oil, Gas Jobs Lost Amid Oil Slump

The U.S. oil and gas labor market is one of the world’s most severely impacted by the latest economic downturn, according to recent Rystad Energy analysis of the latest US BLS labor data. According the firm, over 100,000 jobs in the sector have already been lost, with most of them coming from the support activities market.

The data shows the four oil and gas segments most affected are:

?Support activities for oil and gas operations (44,550 jobs cut from a pre-Covid-19 level of 233,550)

?Pipeline and gas and related construction (16,000 jobs cut from 227,000)

?Drilling of oil and gas wells (13,450 jobs cut from 79,450) and

?Oil and gas extraction (9,600 jobs cut from 156,600)

In its analysis Rystad Energy included more components of the oil and gas industry chain and is independently estimating the total job cuts to exceed 100,000 to date. Of the four segments above, the support activities segment took the biggest hit, slumping 20% compared to February’s pre-Covid-19 levels, according to Rystad.

“The job cuts can be attributed mainly to the nosediving oil prices driven by a sharp contraction in domestic oil demand, which has resulted in an unprecedented demand-supply imbalance,” said Rystad Energy’s Vice President, Energy Service Research, Matthew Fitzsimmons. “In response to the weakened demand, operators and service providers alike have been frantically cutting jobs.”

On top of navigating the safety risks with ongoing work, various large operators have also been delaying or cancelling new facility construction.

“In Louisiana alone, more than 40% of liquefied natural gas (LNG) investments scheduled for this year have been postponed or canceled,” Rystad said in a written statement. “A revival in construction labor demand may take some time as delays mean weather windows for construction will be missed. In addition, the weak financial stability of service companies may leave them unable to ramp up hiring fast when conditions improve.”

The firm also expects to see deep pay cuts as companies work to right-size in the “new normal” oil market. According to Rystad estimates, wages for various trades will likely fall by at least 8% to 10% moving into next year.

“Overall, the impact of the job cuts would be greater for the oilfield services sector than for exploration and production companies. OFS companies are likely to see more than 20% of its shale, onshore and offshore workforce combined cut by the downturn. While other industries have started to see labor demand embark on a road to recovery, oil and gas workers will have to wait longer for demand to increase,” Fitzsimmons said.