可再生能源蓬勃發(fā)展但還不足以實現(xiàn)氣候目標(biāo)

據(jù)能源世界網(wǎng)6月11日巴黎報道，聯(lián)合國周三警告稱，2019年全球清潔能源發(fā)電量比前一年增加了12%，但未來10年計劃開發(fā)的新可再生能源遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能阻止危險的全球變暖。

根據(jù)聯(lián)合國環(huán)境規(guī)劃署和彭博新能源財經(jīng)(BNEF)聯(lián)合發(fā)布的《全球可再生能源投資趨勢年度報告》(Global Trends in renewable Energy Investment report，簡稱BNEF)，去年可再生能源發(fā)電新增184吉瓦，其中主要是太陽能和風(fēng)能。

1吉瓦相當(dāng)于一個核反應(yīng)堆的容量。

2019年可再生能源投資總額為2822億美元，以中國(834億美元)、美國(555億美元)、歐洲(546億美元)、日本(165億美元)和印度(93億美元)為首，其中21個國家的投資額分別達(dá)到創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的20億美元。

發(fā)展中國家——不包括中國和印度——在清潔能源領(lǐng)域投入了史無前例的595億美元。

據(jù)報告顯示，太陽能和風(fēng)能的成本迅速下降——在大多數(shù)電力市場上，它們的價格都低于煤炭——意味著它們的性價比更高。

2019年的投資與去年相同，但又增加了20吉瓦的裝機(jī)容量。

但據(jù)報告稱，根據(jù)巴黎氣候條約的目標(biāo)，即將全球變暖控制在“遠(yuǎn)低于”前工業(yè)化高出2攝氏度的水平，向清潔能源過渡的速度還不夠快。

該報告總結(jié)道，到2030年計劃826吉瓦的新可再生能源-成本約1萬億美元-僅是使我們步入2C世界所需的約3,000吉瓦的四分之一。

對可再生能源的投資也滯后——在過去10年里，對可再生能源的投資超過2.7萬億美元。

該報告作者之一，BNEF首席執(zhí)行官、喬恩·摩爾(Jon Moore)表示，今年清潔能源將走到一個十字路口。過去十年取得了巨大進(jìn)展，但官方為2030年設(shè)定的目標(biāo)遠(yuǎn)未達(dá)到應(yīng)對氣候變化的要求。

他補(bǔ)充道，-“價格不斷下跌”-當(dāng)當(dāng)前的健康危機(jī)緩解時，政府不僅必須促進(jìn)可再生能源的發(fā)展，而且還必須促進(jìn)交通運輸，建筑和工業(yè)的脫碳。

該報告作者們認(rèn)為，為推動因COVID-l9疫情封鎖而停滯的經(jīng)濟(jì)，動員了大量資金，這是一個千載難逢的機(jī)會，可以縮小投資上的“可再生能源差距”。

UNEP執(zhí)行主任Inger Andersen表示，如果各國政府利用可再生能源價格不斷下降的優(yōu)勢，將清潔能源置于疫情后經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇的核心位置，他們就可以向健康的自然世界邁出一大步。這是防止全球疫情的最佳保險單。

但是，從棕色的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)過渡到綠色的經(jīng)濟(jì)充滿了障礙。

例如，根據(jù)國際能源署(IEA)和經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織(OECD)上周的一份報告，去年對可再生能源的投資還不到各國政府補(bǔ)貼化石燃料資金的一半。

這兩個機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)，去年77個經(jīng)濟(jì)體對消費和生產(chǎn)的綜合補(bǔ)貼總額為4780億美元。

與2018年相比下降了18％，但下降主要是由于石油和天然氣價格下降。

根據(jù)OECD的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，去年44個國家對化石燃料生產(chǎn)的補(bǔ)貼增加了38%。

OECD秘書長古里亞(Angel Gurria)在一份聲明中表示,我很遺憾地看到，逐步取消化石燃料支持的努力出現(xiàn)倒退。

郝芬 譯自 能源世界網(wǎng)

原文如下：

Renewables booming but not enough to meet climate targets: UN

The world added 12 percent more clean power capacity in 2019 than the year before, but new renewable energy planned over the next decade falls far short of what is needed to forestall dangerous global warming, the UN warned on Wednesday.

An additional 184 gigawatts (GW) of renewable power -- mostly solar and wind -- came on line last year, according to the Annual Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment report, jointly issued by the UN Environment Programme and Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF).

One gigawatt is similar to the capacity of a nuclear reactor.

Total investment in renewables in 2019 was $282.2 billion, led by China ($83.4 bn), the United States ($55.5 bn), Europe ($54.6 bn), Japan ($16.5 bn) and India $9.3 bn), with a record 21 countries each spending at least $2 billion.

Developing nations -- not including China and India -- poured an unprecedented $59.5 billion into clean energy.

The rapidly falling cost of solar and wind power -- less expensive in most electricity markets than coal -- means more bang for the buck, the report showed.

Investment in 2019 was the same as the year before, but yielded an additional 20 GW of installed capacity.

But measured against the Paris climate treaty target of capping global warming at "well below" two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, the transition to clean energy is not happening nearly fast enough, the report said.

The 826 GW of new renewables planned by 2030 -- at a cost of about $1 trillion -- is only a quarter of the roughly 3,000 GW required to keep us on track for a 2C world, it concluded.

Investment is lagging as well -- more than $2.7 trillion were committed to renewables during the last decade.

"Clean energy finds itself at a crossroads in 2020," said BNEF chief executive Jon Moore, one of the report's authors. "The last decade produced huge progress, but official targets for 2030 are far short of what is required to address climate change."

- 'Ever-falling price tag' - When the current health crisis eases, he added, governments must not only boost renewable power, but the decarbonisation of transport, buildings and industry.

The huge amounts of cash mobilised to jump-start economies stalled by COVID-l9 lockdowns is a once-in-a-generation opportunity to close this "renewables gap" in investment, the authors argue.

"If governments take advantage of the ever-falling price tag of renewables to put clean energy at the heart of COVID-19 economic recovery, they can take a big step towards a healthy natural world," said UNEP executive director Inger Andersen.

"This is the best insurance policy against global pandemics."

But the transition from a brown global economy to a green one is strewn with obstacles.

Investment in renewables last year, for example, was barely half the amount governments spent to subsidise fossil fuels, according to a report last week from the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

Combined subsidies for both consumption and production last year totalled $478 billion in 77 economies, the two intergovernmental agencies found.

That's an 18 percent drop compared to 2018, but the decrease was due mainly to lower oil and gas prices.

Indeed, subsidies for fossil fuel production in 44 countries increased 38 percent last year, OECD figures showed.

"I am saddened to see some backsliding on efforts to phase out fossil fuel support," OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurria said in a statement.