IEA：疫情阻礙了全球清潔能源的發(fā)展

據(jù)油氣新聞網(wǎng)6月7日華盛頓報道，國際能源署(IEA)表示，盡管大多數(shù)清潔能源技術(shù)和部門未能跟上氣候、空氣污染和能源獲取的長期目標(biāo)，但疫情可能進(jìn)一步阻礙這一進(jìn)展。

國際能源署最新的清潔能源進(jìn)展跟蹤報告評估了各種能源技術(shù)和行業(yè)，為2019年清潔能源進(jìn)展提供了一個明確的介紹。在46項技術(shù)和行業(yè)中，只有6項符合國際能源署的可持續(xù)發(fā)展設(shè)想。該設(shè)想描繪了實現(xiàn)《巴黎協(xié)定》(Paris Agreement)有關(guān)氣候變化的目標(biāo)、普及能源并顯著減少空氣污染的途徑。另外24項技術(shù)顯示出了一些進(jìn)展，而16項技術(shù)“偏離正規(guī)”。

2019年底仍“朝正確方向發(fā)展”的技術(shù)包括電動汽車、照明和數(shù)據(jù)中心，但在可持續(xù)發(fā)展設(shè)想方案的潛在減排中，這些僅占很小的份額。

在今年的升級更新中，兩個技術(shù)領(lǐng)域降級，并且沒有一個技術(shù)或行業(yè)升級。 核電如今處于“偏離軌道”，因為2019年新投產(chǎn)的核電量僅為2018年新增核能的一半。此前“步入正軌”的能源儲存能力也出現(xiàn)了下降，年度裝機(jī)容量出現(xiàn)近10年來的首次下降。

許多全球最大的排放源仍然“偏離正規(guī)”。電力部門占能源相關(guān)二氧化碳排放的40%左右，但連續(xù)第三年“偏離正規(guī)”。2019年，電力行業(yè)排放僅下降1.3%，遠(yuǎn)低于可持續(xù)發(fā)展設(shè)想中到2030年平均每年減少4%的目標(biāo)。

建筑行業(yè)也依然偏離軌道，2019年排放量再次上升至歷史最高水平。另一個令人擔(dān)憂的發(fā)展是，隨著購車者繼續(xù)購買更大的汽車，世界各地的燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性改善放緩。

新冠疫情危機(jī)正在破壞近年來在關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域取得的重要進(jìn)展，同時也阻礙了更廣泛技術(shù)的進(jìn)展，這些技術(shù)的增長已經(jīng)面臨挑戰(zhàn)。例如，長期的經(jīng)濟(jì)疲軟和低化石燃料價格可能會延遲一些清潔能源投資。 可持續(xù)性和氣候問題可能會拖延政治議程。 資金短缺的社會可能會繼續(xù)使用其現(xiàn)有的車輛，建筑物，電器，能源基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和工業(yè)設(shè)施，而不是用碳密集程度較低的替代品來替代它們。

IEA執(zhí)行董事法提赫·比羅爾（Fatih Birol）博士表示，甚至在危機(jī)爆發(fā)之前就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)警告信號，目前這場危機(jī)有可能進(jìn)一步放緩清潔能源技術(shù)的發(fā)展?，F(xiàn)在還不是我們放松油門的時候。我們的最新發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，各國政府迫切需要采取更多措施促進(jìn)這些技術(shù)的發(fā)展，這些技術(shù)可以創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會，刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，并幫助我們加快向更清潔能源系統(tǒng)的過渡。

今年發(fā)布的最新數(shù)據(jù)附有新冠肺炎對各行業(yè)影響的摘要，隨后將在未來幾天發(fā)表一篇文章，探討危機(jī)為清潔能源技術(shù)帶來的關(guān)鍵新興問題。 今年秋天，一份重要報告將更全面地審查今年上半年的所有相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)。

《清潔能源進(jìn)展跟蹤報告》對各種技術(shù)和行業(yè)的清潔能源轉(zhuǎn)型提供了全面、嚴(yán)格和最新的分析。其利用IEA對市場、模型和能源統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)的獨(dú)特理解，跟蹤和評估技術(shù)在部署、績效、投資、政策和創(chuàng)新方面的進(jìn)展。

該報告重點(diǎn)介紹了為各國政府、工業(yè)界和全球能源系統(tǒng)其他關(guān)鍵行為者建議采取的行動。 其還利用國際能源機(jī)構(gòu)廣泛的全球技術(shù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，其中包括近40個技術(shù)合作方案的6000名研究人員。

郝芬 譯自 油氣新聞網(wǎng)

原文如下：

Clean energy progress hindered by Covid-19: IEA

While a majority of clean energy technologies and sectors are failing to keep pace with long-term climate, air pollution and energy access goals, Covid-19 crisis could further impede the progress, said the International Energy Agency (IEA).

The IEA’s latest Tracking Clean Energy Progress report assesses a full range of energy technologies and sectors to provide a definitive snapshot of clean energy progress in 2019. Only 6 out of 46 technologies and sectors were “on track” with the IEA’s Sustainable Development Scenario, which maps out pathway to reach the goals of the Paris Agreement on climate change, deliver universal energy access and significantly reduce air pollution. Another 24 technologies showed some progress while 16 technologies were “off track.”

Examples of technologies that remained “on track” by the end of 2019 include electric vehicles, lighting and data centres, but these account for only a small share of potential emissions reductions in the Sustainable Development Scenario.

Two technology areas have been downgraded in this year’s update, and not a single technology or sector has been upgraded. Nuclear power is now “off track” as new nuclear capacity brought online in 2019 was only half the amount added in 2018. Energy storage – previously “on track” – has been downgraded as annual installations fell for the first time in nearly a decade.

Many of the largest sources of global emissions remain “off track.” The power sector accounts for around 40% of energy-related CO2 emissions but remains “off track” for the third year in a row. Power sector emissions fell by only 1.3% in 2019, well short of the 4% annual average reduction through 2030 that is envisaged in the Sustainable Development Scenario.

The buildings sector also remains off track, with emissions rising again in 2019 to an all-time high. Another concerning development was the slowdown in fuel economy improvements around the world as car buyers continued to purchase bigger vehicles.

The Covid-19 crisis is disrupting important progress that has been achieved in key areas in recent years while also stunting advances in a wider range of technologies whose growth was already facing challenges. For example, a prolonged period of economic weakness and low fossil fuel prices may delay some clean energy investments. Sustainability and climate issues may slip down political agendas. Cash-strapped societies may continue to use their existing stock of vehicles, buildings, appliances, energy infrastructure and industrial facilities rather than replacing them with less carbon-intensive alternatives.

“There were warning signs even before the crisis, which is now threatening to further slow the development of clean energy technologies,” said Dr Fatih Birol, the IEA Executive Director. “This is not the time to take our foot off the pedal. Our latest findings make clear the urgent need for governments to do more to foster the growth of these technologies, which can create jobs, stimulate economic growth and also help us accelerate transitions to cleaner energy systems.”

This year's release of updated figures comes with a sector-by-sector summary of Covid-19 impacts, which will be followed in the coming days by an article examining key emerging issues that the crisis is creating for clean energy technologies. In the autumn, a major report will review all relevant data from the first half of 2020 more comprehensively.

The Tracking Clean Energy Progress report provides a comprehensive, rigorous and up-to-date analysis of clean energy transitions across a full range of technologies and sectors. It makes use of the IEA’s unique understanding of markets, modelling and energy statistics to track and assess technology progress in terms of deployment, performance, investment, policies and innovation.

The report highlights recommended actions for governments, industry and other key actors in the global energy system. It also draws on the IEA’s extensive global technology network, which includes 6,000 researchers across nearly 40 Technology Collaboration Programmes.