可再生能源在成本上超過最廉價(jià)的煤炭

據(jù)油氣新聞網(wǎng)站6月2日消息 國際可再生能源機(jī)構(gòu)（IRENA）的一份新報(bào)告稱，可再生能源的成本越來越低，超過了任何以化石燃料為基礎(chǔ)的新發(fā)電產(chǎn)能。

2019年可再生能源發(fā)電成本顯示，2019年新增的可再生能源發(fā)電量中，超過一半的發(fā)電成本低于最廉價(jià)的新建煤電廠。

報(bào)告強(qiáng)調(diào)，新的可再生能源發(fā)電項(xiàng)目現(xiàn)在越來越削弱現(xiàn)有的燃煤電廠。平均而言，新的太陽能光伏發(fā)電（PV）和陸上風(fēng)力發(fā)電的成本低于維持許多現(xiàn)有燃煤電廠的運(yùn)營成本，結(jié)果顯示，這一趨勢(shì)正在加速，加強(qiáng)了完全淘汰煤炭的力量。報(bào)告顯示，明年現(xiàn)有煤炭產(chǎn)能中高達(dá)1200吉瓦的運(yùn)營成本可能高于新建公用事業(yè)規(guī)模太陽能光伏發(fā)電的成本。

明年，用太陽能光伏和陸上風(fēng)能取代最昂貴的500吉瓦煤炭，將使電力系統(tǒng)成本每年減少高達(dá)230億美元，年排放量減少約18億噸二氧化碳，相當(dāng)于2019年全球二氧化碳排放總量的5%。同時(shí)還將產(chǎn)生9400億美元的投資刺激，相當(dāng)于全球GDP的1%左右。

IRENA總干事Francesco La Camera表示：“我們已經(jīng)到了能源轉(zhuǎn)換的一個(gè)重要轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。新的和大部分現(xiàn)有的燃煤發(fā)電在環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟(jì)上都是不合理的?！?/span>

“可再生能源日益成為最廉價(jià)的新電力來源，為刺激全球經(jīng)濟(jì)和讓人們重返工作崗位提供了巨大潛力?？稍偕顿Y是穩(wěn)定、成本效益高、具有吸引力的投資，在為更廣泛的經(jīng)濟(jì)體帶來效益的同時(shí)，還能提供始終如一、可預(yù)測(cè)的回報(bào)。”

Francesco La Camera 表示：“全球復(fù)蘇戰(zhàn)略必須是一個(gè)綠色戰(zhàn)略，可再生能源提供了一種將短期政策行動(dòng)與中長期能源和氣候目標(biāo)相結(jié)合的方法。在疫情爆發(fā)后，可再生能源必須成為各國努力重啟經(jīng)濟(jì)的支柱。如果制定了正確的政策，可再生能源成本的下降可以改變市場(chǎng)，為綠色復(fù)蘇做出巨大貢獻(xiàn)?！?/span>

在過去十年中，由于技術(shù)進(jìn)步、規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日益激烈的供應(yīng)鏈和不斷增長的開發(fā)商經(jīng)驗(yàn)，可再生能源電力成本急劇下降。自2010年以來，公用事業(yè)規(guī)模的太陽能光伏發(fā)電成本下降幅度最大，高達(dá)82%；其次是聚光太陽能發(fā)電（CSP），為47%；陸上風(fēng)電為39%，海上風(fēng)電為29%。

王磊 摘譯自 油氣新聞

原文如下：

Renewables beat cheapest coal rivals on cost

Renewable power is increasingly cheaper than any new electricity capacity based on fossil fuels, a new report by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) finds.

Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2019 shows that more than half of the renewable capacity added in 2019 achieved lower power costs than the cheapest new coal plants.

The report highlights that new renewable power generation projects now increasingly undercut existing coal-fired plants. On average, new solar photovoltaic (PV) and onshore wind power cost less than keeping many existing coal plants in operation, and auction results show this trend accelerating – reinforcing the case to phase-out coal entirely. Next year, up to 1 200 gigawatts (GW) of existing coal capacity could cost more to operate than the cost of new utility-scale solar PV, the report shows.

Replacing the costliest 500 GW of coal with solar PV and onshore wind next year would cut power system costs by up to $23 billion every year and reduce annual emissions by around 1.8 gigatons (Gt) of carbon dioxide (CO2), equivalent to 5 per cent of total global CO2 emissions in 2019. It would also yield an investment stimulus of $940 billion, which is equal to around 1 per cent of global GDP.

“We have reached an important turning point in the energy transition. The case for new and much of the existing coal power generation, is both environmentally and economically unjustifiable,” said Francesco La Camera, Director-General of IRENA.

“Renewable energy is increasingly the cheapest source of new electricity, offering tremendous potential to stimulate the global economy and get people back to work. Renewable investments are stable, cost-effective and attractive offering consistent and predictable returns while delivering benefits to the wider economy.”

“A global recovery strategy must be a green strategy,” La Camera added. “Renewables offer a way to align short-term policy action with medium- and long-term energy and climate goals. Renewables must be the backbone of national efforts to restart economies in the wake of the COVID-19 outbreak. With the right policies in place, falling renewable power costs, can shift markets and contribute greatly towards a green recovery.”

Renewable electricity costs have fallen sharply over the past decade, driven by improving technologies, economies of scale, increasingly competitive supply chains and growing developer experience. Since 2010, utility-scale solar PV power has shown the sharpest cost decline at 82 per cent, followed by concentrating solar power (CSP) at 47 per cent, onshore wind at 39 per cent and offshore wind at 29 per cent