伊拉克5月原油銷(xiāo)量大幅下滑但收入小幅上升

據(jù)能源世界網(wǎng)6月2日巴格達(dá)報(bào)道，伊拉克石油部周一宣布，該國(guó)5月份的原油銷(xiāo)量不足1億桶，但隨著油價(jià)回升，該國(guó)5月份的收入超過(guò)了前一個(gè)月。

歐佩克(OPEC)的第二大原油生產(chǎn)國(guó)最近受到全球油價(jià)暴跌和來(lái)自沙特阿拉伯的大量廉價(jià)原油的沖擊。

今年5月，伊拉克以平均每桶21美元的價(jià)格出售了9950萬(wàn)桶原油，當(dāng)月獲利20.9億美元。4月，賣(mài)出了更多的石油，銷(xiāo)量為1.031億桶，但每桶以13.80美元的創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄最低均價(jià)只帶來(lái)了14億美元的收入。

據(jù)專家警告說(shuō)，即使價(jià)格回升，近幾個(gè)月來(lái)買(mǎi)家仍在購(gòu)買(mǎi)廉價(jià)石油，因此不需要像夏季開(kāi)始那樣購(gòu)買(mǎi)大量原油。

歐佩克今年4月同意在5月和6月減產(chǎn)，以試圖提振油價(jià)，而伊拉克將不得不在這兩個(gè)月里每天減產(chǎn)100萬(wàn)桶左右。

低收入對(duì)伊拉克來(lái)說(shuō)是災(zāi)難性的，伊拉克依靠石油銷(xiāo)售為其預(yù)算提供90％以上的資金。

每個(gè)月，其需要大約45億美元來(lái)支付工資、養(yǎng)老金、福利發(fā)放和其他政府開(kāi)支。政府是該國(guó)最大的雇主，其工資表至少有400萬(wàn)人，另有400萬(wàn)人領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金或社會(huì)福利。

作為削減開(kāi)支努力的一部分，該國(guó)內(nèi)閣本周宣布，正在考慮削減高級(jí)公務(wù)員的總收入。高級(jí)官員告訴法新社，已經(jīng)決定內(nèi)部借款來(lái)支付4月份的工資。

他們表示，政府正在考慮承擔(dān)更多的內(nèi)部和外部債務(wù)，印制貨幣，減少外匯儲(chǔ)備，并要求國(guó)際貨幣基金組織和世界銀行提供預(yù)算支持。

伊拉克已經(jīng)要求生產(chǎn)石油的國(guó)際石油公司削減開(kāi)支，這些開(kāi)支由伊拉克政府按季度償還。

郝芬 譯自 能源世界網(wǎng)

原文如下：

Iraq crude sales slump in May, but revenues inch up

Iraq sold fewer than 100 million barrels of crude in May, its oil ministry announced Monday, but recovering prices saw it rake in more revenues than the previous month.

The OPEC cartel's second-biggest crude producer has been left reeling by the recent worldwide crash in oil prices and a flood of cheap crude from Saudi Arabia.

In May, Iraq sold 99.5 million barrels of crude oil at an average price of $21, earning $2.09 billion for the month.

In April, it had sold more barrels -- 103.1 million -- but the record-low average price of $13.80 per barrel earned it just $1.4 billion.

Experts had warned that even if prices recovered, buyers had been stocking up on inexpensive oil in recent months and would not need to buy as much crude as summer began.

OPEC agreed in April to introduce production cuts in May and June to try to revive prices, and Iraq will have to cut around one million barrels a day for both months.

Low revenues have been catastrophic for Iraq, which relies on oil sales to fund more than 90 percent of its budget.

Each month, it needs about $4.5 billion to pay salaries, pensions, welfare handouts and other government expenses.

The government is the country's biggest employer, with at least four million people on its payroll and another four million who receive pensions or social benefits.

As part of its efforts to slash expenses, the cabinet announced this week that it was exploring cuts to the gross incomes of senior-grade public employees.

It had already decided to borrow internally to cover salaries for the month of April, senior officials told AFP.

They said the government was considering taking on more internal and external debt, printing currency, drawing down foreign reserves and requesting budget support from the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.

Iraq had already asked the international oil companies which produce its oil to cut down on their expenses, which are reimbursed quarterly by the Iraqi government.