IEA呼吁大力發(fā)展電池和氫等新能源技術(shù)

據(jù)今日油價(jià)5月6日?qǐng)?bào)道，國(guó)際能源署(IEA)執(zhí)行主任法提赫·比羅爾表示，第19次全球變暖造成的石油行業(yè)動(dòng)蕩，為各國(guó)政府提供了一個(gè)絕佳的機(jī)會(huì)，將綠色能源作為就業(yè)來(lái)源，同時(shí)也為實(shí)現(xiàn)氣候目標(biāo)服務(wù)。

比羅爾在接受路透社采訪時(shí)表示，不僅太陽(yáng)能和風(fēng)能等成熟技術(shù)應(yīng)該得到發(fā)展，鋰離子電池和電解水制氫技術(shù)也應(yīng)該得到補(bǔ)貼和政策支持。

鋰離子電池除了是電動(dòng)汽車和電子設(shè)備的核心外，在太陽(yáng)能和風(fēng)力發(fā)電場(chǎng)中也越來(lái)越重要，它可以儲(chǔ)存能量。

國(guó)際能源署在最近的一份報(bào)告中稱:“鋰離子電池現(xiàn)在是更廣泛能源領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)機(jī)遇，不局限于運(yùn)輸領(lǐng)域，且有必要進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大制造能力。假設(shè)全球汽車工業(yè)宣布的電動(dòng)汽車生產(chǎn)目標(biāo)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)，那么到2025年，全球?qū)⑿枰蠹s1000千兆瓦時(shí)的電池制造能力。這個(gè)產(chǎn)量相當(dāng)于50個(gè)規(guī)模相當(dāng)于特斯拉超級(jí)工廠的產(chǎn)能。”

電解槽是一種利用電能將水分解成氫和氧的裝置，被認(rèn)為是從低碳電力中生產(chǎn)清潔氫的一種方法，正朝著使其成為大眾運(yùn)輸、航運(yùn)、航空、長(zhǎng)途卡車、鋼鐵和化工產(chǎn)品的可行選擇的方向發(fā)展。

在全球范圍內(nèi)，人們對(duì)開(kāi)發(fā)生產(chǎn)和儲(chǔ)存可再生能源的有效解決方案越來(lái)越感興趣。以至于在2019年，綠色能源有史以來(lái)第一次取代煤炭成為發(fā)電能源。

IEA數(shù)據(jù)顯示，從總體上看，2019年化石燃料產(chǎn)量下降了245太瓦時(shí)，而可再生能源產(chǎn)量在2018年至2019年期間增長(zhǎng)了119太瓦時(shí)。不過(guò)，在比羅爾看來(lái)，因?yàn)椴粌H其產(chǎn)品將在未來(lái)數(shù)年內(nèi)使用，而且還因?yàn)樵S多此類石化產(chǎn)品，如消毒劑等在重要時(shí)期起著關(guān)鍵作用。

洪偉立 摘譯自 今日油價(jià)

原文如下：

IEA Chief Calls For Boost To Battery And Hydrogen Technology

The executive director of the International Energy Agency (IEA), Fatih Birol, said that the turmoil in the oil sector caused by the covid-19 pandemic gives governments the perfect opportunity to embrace green energy as a source of jobs that also serves climate goals.

In an interview with Reuters, Birol said that not only well-established technologies, such as those behind solar and wind generation should receive a boost, but also lithium-ion batteries and the use of electrolysis to produce hydrogen from water should be candidates for subsidies and policy support.

Besides being the backbone of electric vehicles and electronic devices, li-ion batteries are becoming more and more important in solar and wind farms to store energy when nature is not doing its part.

“Lithium-ion batteries are now a technology opportunity for the wider energy sector, well beyond just transport,” a recent report by the IEA states. “There is a need for manufacturing capacity to grow further. Assuming that the global auto industry’s announced targets for electric vehicle production are met despite the covid-19 crisis, around 1,000 GWh of battery manufacturing capacity would be needed in 2025. This output would require the equivalent of 50 plants, each on the scale of a Tesla Gigafactory.”

When it comes to electrolysers, which are devices that split water into hydrogen and oxygen using electrical energy and are considered a way to produce clean hydrogen from low-carbon electricity, research is moving towards making them a viable option for the mass transportation, shipping, aviation, long-haul trucks, the iron and steel and chemical industries.

Globally, there is growing interest in the development of efficient solutions to produce and store renewable energy. So much so that, for the first time ever, green power overtook coal as a source of electricity generation in 2019.

Figures from the IEA itself show that, overall, fossil fuels dropped by 245 TWh last year, while renewables production rose by 119 TWh from 2018 to 2019.

In Birol’s view, however, the oil sector should not be demonized as not only its products are to be used for years to come but also because many of such petrochemical products, such as sanitizers, have proven to be important in the face of the novel coronavirus pandemic.