去年美國(guó)能源生產(chǎn)62年來(lái)首次超過(guò)消費(fèi)量

據(jù)油氣新聞4月29日消息稱，根據(jù)美國(guó)能源情報(bào)署(EIA)月度能源審查報(bào)告，自1957年以來(lái)，2019年能源生產(chǎn)首次超過(guò)美國(guó)的能源消耗量。去年，美國(guó)生產(chǎn)了101.0萬(wàn)億英熱(quads)的能量，并消耗了100.2 quads。在2018年能源生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)均創(chuàng)歷史新高之后，美國(guó)2019年的能源生產(chǎn)增長(zhǎng)了5.7%，能源消費(fèi)下降了0.9%。

過(guò)去十年來(lái)，美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)能源產(chǎn)量大幅增長(zhǎng)。這一增長(zhǎng)主要是由于水力壓裂和水平鉆井增加了原油和天然氣產(chǎn)量。2019年，美國(guó)原油和天然氣液體 (NGPL)產(chǎn)量總計(jì)31.8 quads，天然氣產(chǎn)量為34.9 quads。這兩個(gè)數(shù)值都創(chuàng)下了美國(guó)的歷史新高，超過(guò)了2018年創(chuàng)下的歷史新高。

在2018年至2019年期間，美國(guó)可再生能源產(chǎn)量保持相當(dāng)穩(wěn)定，增長(zhǎng)約0.1quad。相比之下，美國(guó)煤炭產(chǎn)量連續(xù)第三年下降，下降1.1quad，至14.3quads，為1974年以來(lái)的最低點(diǎn)。在過(guò)去20年里，美國(guó)的核電產(chǎn)量一直穩(wěn)定在近8 quads。

在過(guò)去20年里，美國(guó)的能源消耗一直保持在一個(gè)相對(duì)狹窄的范圍內(nèi)，介于96 quads和102 quads之間。自1950年以來(lái)，石油在美國(guó)能源消耗中所占的比例最大，盡管與2005年的峰值相比下降了近9%。自2008年以來(lái)，美國(guó)的煤炭消耗量下降了近50%，這主要是因?yàn)槊禾恳呀?jīng)被天然氣和電力行業(yè)的可再生能源所取代。

自2000年以來(lái)，美國(guó)天然氣消費(fèi)量增長(zhǎng)了約35%，并在2019年達(dá)到歷史最高水平。美國(guó)的可再生能源消費(fèi)——包括可再生能源發(fā)電、生物燃料和生物燃料——同期增長(zhǎng)了88%，其消費(fèi)份額在2019年幾乎與煤炭持平。

曹海斌 摘譯自 油氣新聞

原文如下：

In 2019, U.S energy production exceeded consumption for the first time in 62 years

In 2019, for the first time since 1957, energy production exceeded energy consumption in the United States on an annual basis, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration's (EIA) Monthly Energy Review. The United States produced 101.0 quadrillion British thermal units (quads) of energy and consumed 100.2 quads last year. After both energy production and consumption hit record highs in 2018, U.S. energy production in 2019 grew 5.7%, and energy consumption decreased by 0.9%.

U.S. domestic energy production has grown substantially during the past decade. The growth is largely a result of increases in crude oil and natural gas production from hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling. In 2019, U.S. crude oil and natural gas plant liquids (NGPL) production totaled 31.8 quads, and natural gas production equaled 34.9 quads. Both values are record highs in the United States, surpassing their previous highs set in 2018.

U.S. renewable energy production remained fairly constant between 2018 and 2019, growing by about 0.1 quad. In contrast, U.S. coal production declined for the third year in a row, falling by 1.1 quads to 14.3 quads, its lowest point since 1974. U.S. nuclear electric power production has remained steady at nearly 8 quads for the past two decades.

U.S. energy consumption has remained in a relatively narrow range in the past two decades, ranging between 96 quads and 102 quads. Petroleum has accounted for the largest share of U.S. energy consumption since 1950, even though it has fallen nearly 9% from its peak in 2005. Since 2008, U.S. coal consumption has decreased nearly 50%, primarily because coal has been displaced by natural gas and renewables in the electricity sector.

U.S. natural gas consumption has increased by about 35% since 2000 and reached an all-time high in 2019. Renewable energy consumption in the United States—which includes renewable-powered electricity generation, biofuels, and biomass—has grown by 88% during the same period, and its share of consumption was nearly the same as coal in 2019.