石油市場現(xiàn)狀危及清潔能源轉(zhuǎn)型計(jì)劃

據(jù)世界石油4月15日倫敦彭博社報(bào)道，國際能源署(International EnergyAgency)表示，大型石油公司(BigOil)因疫情引發(fā)的需求驟降而面臨的困境可能會(huì)讓全球減少污染的努力偏離軌道。

總部位于巴黎的為能源政策國家提供建議的機(jī)構(gòu)表示，經(jīng)濟(jì)放緩和價(jià)格下跌“削弱了石油工業(yè)開發(fā)全球清潔能源轉(zhuǎn)型所需的某些技術(shù)的能力”。

該行業(yè)一再呼吁政府支持關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，如氫和碳捕獲和儲(chǔ)存，這些技術(shù)將空氣中的污染物吸收出來。歐洲所有主要的石油和天然氣公司現(xiàn)在都有長遠(yuǎn)減排的雄心，一些公司已經(jīng)涉足電力行業(yè)，收購公用事業(yè)公司或投資于生物燃料。

2019年，全球能源排放三年來首次保持穩(wěn)定。燃燒煤炭、石油和天然氣仍然是溫室氣體污染的主要來源。

由于與疫情相關(guān)的封鎖，十年的石油需求增長將在2020年被抹去。國際能源署(IEA)在其月度石油報(bào)告中表示，本月燃料使用量將減少近三分之一，降至1995年以來的最低水平，這將對(duì)主要石油公司的收入造成打擊。

環(huán)保人士正努力將環(huán)保問題置于議程的首位，反映出他們擔(dān)心政策制定者會(huì)將注意力轉(zhuǎn)向幫助那些因封鎖而在經(jīng)濟(jì)上受到損害的人。

迄今為止，與大型石油公司相比，Iberdrola SA、Enel SpA和杜克能源公司(Duke Energy Corp.)等公用事業(yè)公司在可再生能源和擺脫化石燃料轉(zhuǎn)型方面的投資更多。在石油行業(yè)，荷蘭皇家殼牌公司(Royal Dutch Shell Plc)、英國石油公司(BP Plc)和道達(dá)爾公司(Total SA)等歐洲石油巨頭對(duì)設(shè)定綠色目標(biāo)和投資清潔能源技術(shù)的呼聲最高。

郝芬 譯自 世界石油

原文如下：

Clean energy transition plans imperiled by oil’s crash

The pain felt by Big Oil from the coronavirus-led plunge in demand may derail global efforts to cut pollution, the International Energy Agency said.

The slowdown and falling prices “undermines the ability of the oil industry to develop some of the technologies needed for clean energy transitions around the world,” said the Paris-based agency that advises nations on energy policy.

The industry has repeatedly called for government support for key technologies, such as hydrogen and carbon capture and storage which sucks pollution out of the air. All major European oil and gas companies now have ambitions in place to reduce their emissions in the long-term and some have dabbled in the power business, buying up utilities or invested in biofuels.

Global emissions from energy held steady in 2019 for the first time in three years. Burning coal, oil and natural gas still accounts for the bulk of the greenhouse-gas pollution.

A decade of oil demand growth will be wiped out in 2020 because of lockdowns associated with the coronavirus crisis. Fuel use this month will contract by almost a third to the lowest level since 1995, delivering a blow to the revenue of major oil companies, the IEA said in its monthly oil report.

Environmental campaigners are working to keep green issues at the top of the political agenda, reflecting concerns that policy makers will turn their attention toward helping those hurt economically by the lockdowns.

So far, it’s utilities such as Iberdrola SA, Enel SpA and Duke Energy Corp. that have invested more in renewables and transition away from fossil fuels than Big Oil companies. Within the oil industry, European majors such as Royal Dutch Shell Plc, BP Plc and Total SA have been the most vocal about setting green targets and investing in cleaner energy technologies.