沙特對亞洲降低油價(jià) 捍衛(wèi)減產(chǎn)后市場份額

據(jù)世界石油4月14日新加坡報(bào)道，沙特剛剛簽署的可能是歷史上最著名的石油產(chǎn)量協(xié)議之一，但由于沙特面臨著來自競爭對手的激烈競爭，在這個(gè)寶貴的亞洲市場，未來的挑戰(zhàn)依然存在。

這或許可以解釋，為何歐佩克的實(shí)際領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者本周大幅下調(diào)了5月份對亞洲客戶的官方售價(jià)，幅度超出預(yù)期。接受彭博社調(diào)查的11家亞洲煉油商中，有8家對沙特阿美激進(jìn)的營銷策略表示歡迎，其余3家表示，它們預(yù)計(jì)降價(jià)幅度會更大。

盡管價(jià)格戰(zhàn)在上周末得以平息，但我們沒有理由認(rèn)為，隨著疫情繼續(xù)抑制需求，涌入亞洲的廉價(jià)原油洪流將迅速消退。近幾周，俄羅斯的烏拉爾、美國的瑪氏和幾個(gè)阿布扎比等級的原油品種開始向買家供應(yīng)，交貨日期靈活，因?yàn)榻灰咨虒⒀b滿未售出原油的超級油輪運(yùn)往亞洲。

沙特阿美將其5月份面向亞洲客戶的旗艦產(chǎn)品阿拉伯輕質(zhì)原油的官方售價(jià)較上月下調(diào)了4.20美元/桶，降幅超出了預(yù)期的3.63美元/桶。這是在它與其他生產(chǎn)商簽署了一項(xiàng)協(xié)議，將全球產(chǎn)量削減約10%以試圖支撐價(jià)格之后。

據(jù)不愿透露姓名的交易商稱，僅西非就有約2,000萬桶4月份裝運(yùn)的原油未售出。他們表示，這是5月份該地區(qū)未售出的貨物供應(yīng)的總和，估計(jì)至少是上個(gè)月的三倍。

三家獨(dú)立交易商稱，中東地區(qū)非沙特產(chǎn)油國的原油也有供應(yīng)，阿曼和上扎庫姆等不同等級的原油以靈活的方式供應(yīng)，允許買家選擇他們的理想交貨期。

除了供應(yīng)過剩，沙特阿美和其他公司還在努力應(yīng)對需求持續(xù)萎縮的問題，尤其是在印度，該國已實(shí)施了全球規(guī)模最大的封鎖。伊拉克本周早些時(shí)候表示，由于供應(yīng)過剩、油價(jià)下跌以及該國石油部長所稱的全球煉油業(yè)“衰退”，該國在原油營銷方面遇到了困難。

亞洲煉油商必須在本周中旬之前決定從沙特阿美購買的石油量?？仆?、伊拉克和阿布扎比等其它產(chǎn)油國將很快發(fā)布官方售價(jià)。

裘寅 編譯自 世界石油

原文如下：

Saudi discounts oil to Asia, defending market share after OPEC+ cuts

Saudi Arabia might have just signed off on one of the most notable oil output deals in history, but challenges lie ahead as the kingdom faces keen competition from rival suppliers to the prized Asian market.

That perhaps explains why the de-facto leader of OPEC slashed its official selling prices to Asian customers for May by larger-than-expected margins this week. Eight of eleven refiners across the region surveyed by Bloomberg welcomed Saudi Aramco’s aggressive marketing strategy, while the remaining three said they had expected even steeper discounts.

Despite the price war being defused over the weekend, there’s no reason to think that the deluge of cheap crude washing over Asia will ebb quickly as the coronavirus continues to depress demand. Varieties such as Russia’s Urals, Mars from the U.S. and several Abu Dhabi grades crude were being offered in recent weeks to buyers on a delivered basis with flexible arrival dates as traders moved supertankers filled with unsold oil toward Asia.

Aramco cut the May official selling price of its flagship Arab Light crude to Asian customers by $4.20 a barrel from the previous month, exceeding estimates for a reduction of $3.63. That was even after it signed a deal with other producers to cut global output by around 10% to try and support prices.

Strong Competition. About 20 million barrels of April-loading crude remains unsold from West Africa alone, according to traders who asked not to be identified. That’s on top of unsold May-loading supplies from the region that are estimated to be at least triple that of the month before, they said.

Crude from non-Saudi producers in the Middle East is also available with grades including Oman and Upper Zakum being offered on a flexible basis, allowing buyers’ to pick out their preferred arrival periods, three separate traders said.

As well as the supply glut, Aramco and others are grappling with demand that’s continuing to shrivel, particularly in India, which has enforced the world’s biggest lockdown. Iraq said earlier this week that it had trouble marketing its crude amid the supply glut, lower prices and what the country’s oil minister called a “recession” in refining around the world.

Refiners in Asia have until the middle of this week to decide on the amount of oil they want to buy from Aramco. Other producers such as Kuwait, Iraq and Abu Dhabi are set to issue their official prices shortly.