印度能源需求急劇下降

據(jù)能源世界網(wǎng)3月30日新德里報(bào)道，在過去的五周，印度對(duì)汽油，柴油和航空燃料的需求下降了多達(dá)三分之一，而電力消耗下降了四分之一，因?yàn)橐咔橛绊懶泻蜑槠?1天的封鎖以檢查感染是否蔓延而使幾乎所有商業(yè)和工業(yè)活動(dòng)陷入停頓。

因人們被要求在家避疫，LPG需求在此期間增長(zhǎng)了4％。與去年同期相比，需求量增加了6.5％。

根據(jù)電網(wǎng)運(yùn)營商POSOCO的最新數(shù)據(jù)顯示，在全國封鎖的第三天，上周五的電力耗下降至25.9億。這是自2015年3月1日以來的最新水平，當(dāng)時(shí)印度的發(fā)電量減少了25％。

由于封鎖沖擊了大部分需求，電力消耗下降，工業(yè)（41%)、農(nóng)業(yè)(18%)和商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)(8%）。

印度最大的煉油廠和燃料零售商印度石油公司董事長(zhǎng)桑吉夫·辛格(Sanjiv Singh) 表示，2月20日至3月28日期間，汽油需求下降了13.5％，柴油需求下降了21％，航空燃料需求下降了27％，因?yàn)榉怄i限制了經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)。

對(duì)成品油的需求下降迫使國營石油精煉廠減少原油加工，并援引“不可抗力”條款推遲4月份的石油裝運(yùn)，因?yàn)樗麄円呀?jīng)耗盡了原油和成品油的儲(chǔ)存。據(jù)路透社上周報(bào)道，液化天然氣進(jìn)口商也因同樣的條款推遲了貨物。由于封鎖使CNG汽車停駛并關(guān)閉了行業(yè)，需求減少了。

石油部長(zhǎng)達(dá)曼德拉·普拉丹（Dharmendra Pradhan）周日通過電視會(huì)議向沙特阿拉伯總統(tǒng)阿卜杜勒·阿齊茲·本·薩勒曼（Abdulaziz bin Salman）和阿美石油公司首席執(zhí)行官阿敏·納賽爾（Amin Nasser）解釋了這一情況，并要求增加液化石油氣的供應(yīng)。談判中也提到了油價(jià)暴跌。

印度一年消費(fèi)的2750萬噸液化石油氣中，有55%是靠進(jìn)口的，沙特阿拉伯每月向印度供應(yīng)約20萬噸的燃料。其還是印度的第二大石油供應(yīng)商，每月向印度銷售近200萬噸原油。

辛格告訴TOI，該公司已經(jīng)確定了四月的需求，所有的原油和產(chǎn)品都已足夠。他表示，石油公司的原油和產(chǎn)品庫存將維持10-15天。液化石油氣的庫存持續(xù)20-22天，從沙特阿拉伯、卡塔爾和阿聯(lián)酋獲得了額外的供應(yīng)。PSU石油公司持有足夠的LPG存量，可以持續(xù)20-22天。原油和成品油庫存足夠持續(xù)10-15天。 請(qǐng)不要驚慌。

郝芬 譯自 能源世界網(wǎng)

原文如下：

India’s energy demand dips sharply as lockdown bites

India’s demand for petrol, diesel and jet fuel has declined by up to a third in the last five weeks, while power consumption dropped by a quarter as the coronavirus pandemic and the 21-day lockdown to check the infection from spreading brought almost all commercial and industrial activities to a grinding halt.

But LPG demand recorded 4 per cent growth during this period as families were confined to their homes due to the lockdown. On year-ago basis, the demand is higher by 6.5 per cent.

Latest data from grid operator POSOCO shows power consumption dropping to 2.59 billion units on Friday, the third day of the national lockdown. This is a level last seen on March 1, 2015, when India had 25 per cent less generation capacity.

Power consumption has fallen as the lockdown hit the largest chunk of demand -- industry (41 per cent), agriculture (18 per cent) and commercial establishments (8 per cent).

Chairman of India’s largest refiner and fuel retailer IndianOil, Sanjiv Singh said demand for petrol has fallen by 13.5 per cent between February 20 and March 28, diesel 21 per cent, jet fuel 27 per cent because the lockdown curbed economic activities.

The lower demand for refined products has forced state-run oil refiners to taper crude processing and invoke ‘force majeure’ clause to put off oil shipments for April as they have run out of storage for crude and refined products. News agency Reuters last week reported liquefied natural gas importers too deferring cargoes under the same clause after demand shrivelled as the lockdown sent CNG vehicles off the road and shuttered industries.

Oil minister Dharmendra Pradhan on Sunday explained the situation to his Saudi Arabian counterpart Abdulaziz bin Salman and Aramco CEO Amin Nasser through video-conference and requested additional LPG supply. The oil price crash also figured in the talks.

India imports 55 per cent of the 27.5 million tonne of LPG it consumes in a year and Saudi Arabia supplies some 200,000 tonne of the fuel every month. It is also India's second-largest oil supplier, selling close to 2 million tonnes of crude very month.

Singh told TOI the company has mapped the demand for April and all its crude and products are full. He said the oil companies have crude and product stocks to last 10-15 days. LPG stocks are good for 20-22 days and additional supplies were being tied up from Saudi Arabia, Qatar and UAE.

“The PSU oil companies hold enough stock of LPG to last 20-22 days. Crude and refined product stocks are good enough to last for 10-15 days. Please don’t panic. ” he said.