歐洲天然氣儲存量達(dá)到創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄水平

據(jù)烴加工新聞3月25日消息稱，歐洲天然氣總庫存(AGSI+)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，截至2020年3月1日，歐洲天然氣庫存已滿60%，為3月初有記錄以來的最高水平。歐洲在2020年1月和2月的庫存水平是這兩個月有記錄以來的最高水平。歐洲儲存的高水平天然氣是由于暖冬限制了冬季取暖需求，以及通過管道和液化天然氣進(jìn)口的增長。

歐洲各地相對溫和的冬季天氣——尤其是在天然氣采暖更為普遍的北歐——降低了住宅和商業(yè)供暖的需求。結(jié)果，天然氣從儲存中的提取量低于平均水平，導(dǎo)致1月和2月的庫存水平創(chuàng)歷史新高。

天然氣庫存高企，部分原因是2019年通過管道和以液化天然氣形式向歐洲輸送的天然氣數(shù)量達(dá)到創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄水平。2012年至2018年年中，歐洲的液化天然氣進(jìn)口量相對較低，但在2019年大幅增加，平均每天110億立方英尺，幾乎是前兩年進(jìn)口量的兩倍。在2019年12月和2020年2月，液化天然氣進(jìn)口創(chuàng)下了140億立方英尺/天的月度紀(jì)錄(不包括再出口，即一個國家進(jìn)口然后出口液化天然氣)，這意味著整個歐洲的再氣化產(chǎn)能利用率接近60%。

與2018年相比，俄羅斯和美國去年分別向歐洲增加了約14億立方英尺/天和15億立方英尺/天的液化天然氣出口。自2019年11月以來，美國一直是歐洲最大的液化天然氣供應(yīng)國，而在2020年2月，從美國進(jìn)口的液化天然氣達(dá)到了創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的51億立方英尺/天，幾乎是歐洲第二大供應(yīng)國卡塔爾的兩倍。

近年來，歐洲管道的進(jìn)口能力有所增加，包括阿塞拜疆的跨安那托利亞管道。進(jìn)入歐洲市場的其他供應(yīng)來源今年也開始投入使用。

歐洲天然氣價格在2019年處于相對較低的水平，并將在2020年繼續(xù)保持這一水平。

曹海斌 摘譯自 烴加工新聞

原文如下：

European natural gas storage inventories at record levels

European natural gas storage inventories as of 1 March 2020, were 60% full – the highest ever recorded level for the start of March, according to Gas Storage Europe’s Aggregated Gas Storage Inventory (AGSI+). European stock levels for both January and February 2020 were the highest ever recorded for those months. Europe’s high levels of natural gas in storage are the result of a mild winter, which limited winter heating demand, and growing natural gas imports by pipeline and as LNG.

Relatively mild winter weather across Europe – and especially in northern Europe, where natural gas heating is more common – reduced demand for residential and commercial heating. As a result, natural gas withdrawals from storage were lower than average, resulting in record-high January and February inventory levels.

High natural gas stocks were partly the result of record-high deliveries to Europe both by pipeline and as LNG in 2019. LNG imports into Europe had been relatively low between 2012 and mid-2018, but they increased substantially in 2019, averaging 11 billion ft3/d or almost twice the volume in the two previous years. LNG imports set monthly records of 14 billion ft3/d in December 2019 and February 2020 (excluding re-exports, where a country imports and then exports LNG), implying a Europe-wide regasification capacity utilisation of almost 60%.

Russia and the US increased LNG exports to Europe last year by an estimated 1.4 billion ft3/d and 1.5 billion ft3/d, respectively, compared with 2018. The US has been the largest LNG supplier to Europe since November 2019, and in February 2020, LNG imports from the United States reached a new record high at 5.1 billion ft3/d – nearly double the volume of Europe’s second-largest supplier, Qatar.

European pipeline import capacity has increased in recent years, including the Trans-Anatolian Pipeline from Azerbaijan. Additional sources of supply into the European market are entering service this year.

European natural gas prices were at relatively low levels in 2019 and continue at those levels so far in 2020.