去年全球電力部門(mén)二氧化碳排放量下降2％

據(jù)能源世界網(wǎng)3月9日倫敦報(bào)道，根據(jù)周一的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，由于歐洲和美國(guó)的煤炭使用量減少，電力行業(yè)的全球二氧化碳排放量去年下降了2％，是自1990年以來(lái)的最大降幅。

根據(jù)獨(dú)立氣候智庫(kù)Ember的研究顯示，全球燃煤發(fā)電量下降了3％，也是1990年以來(lái)的最大降幅。在轉(zhuǎn)向可再生能源的推動(dòng)下，歐洲的下降了24％，而美國(guó)的燃煤發(fā)電量則下降了16％，原因是天然氣更具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。

總體而言，該報(bào)告稱(chēng)，去年的煤炭使用量下降以及轉(zhuǎn)向可再生能源的增長(zhǎng)受到諸如廉價(jià)天然氣，日本和韓國(guó)核電站重啟以及電力需求放緩等因素的幫助。

為了使升溫幅度限制在1.5攝氏度以?xún)?nèi)，煤炭的產(chǎn)量每年必須下降11％。

該報(bào)告的主要作者，Ember電力分析師Dave Jones表示，全球煤炭和電力部門(mén)排放量的下降對(duì)氣候是個(gè)好消息，但各國(guó)政府必須大力加快電力轉(zhuǎn)型，以使全球煤炭產(chǎn)量在整個(gè)2020年代崩潰。

他補(bǔ)充道，從煤炭轉(zhuǎn)換為天然氣只是將一種化石燃料換成另一種。

去年，風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電量增加了270太瓦時(shí)，即15％。 為了實(shí)現(xiàn)《巴黎協(xié)定》中的氣候目標(biāo)，每年都需要保持這一增長(zhǎng)率。

該報(bào)告審查了涵蓋全球發(fā)電量85％的數(shù)據(jù)，并對(duì)其余15％的數(shù)據(jù)使用有根據(jù)的估計(jì)。

上個(gè)月，國(guó)際能源署表示，由于可再生能源和燃料從煤炭轉(zhuǎn)向天然氣的增長(zhǎng)使得發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體的排放減少，去年電力生產(chǎn)的全球二氧化碳排放量趨于平緩。

郝芬 譯自 能源世界網(wǎng)

原文如下：

Global CO2 emissions from power sector fell 2 per cent last year

Global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the power sector fell by 2 per cent last year, the biggest fall since at least 1990, owing to reduced coal usage in Europe and the United States, a study showed on Monday.

Coal-fired power generation fell by 3 per cent globally, also the largest fall since 1990, research by independent climate think tank Ember showed. The drop in Europe was 24 per cent, driven by a switch to renewables, while U.S. coal-fired generation was down 16 per cent because of more competitive gas.

Overall, the decline in coal use last year and shift towards renewables was helped by factors such as cheap gas, nuclear plant restarts in Japan and South Korea and slowing electricity demand, the report said.

Coal generation needs to fall by 11 per cent a year to keep within a warming limit of 1.5 degrees Celsius.

"The global decline of coal and power sector emissions is good news for the climate, but governments have to dramatically accelerate the electricity transition so that global coal generation collapses throughout the 2020s," said Dave Jones, lead author of the report and electricity analyst at Ember.

"To switch from coal into gas is just swapping one fossil fuel for another," he added.

Wind and solar power generation rose by by 270 terrawatt hours, or 15 per cent, last year. That growth rate would need to be maintained every year to achieve climate goals under the Paris Agreement.

The report examined data covering 85 per cent of the world's electricity generation and used informed estimates for the remaining 15 per cent.

Last month the International Energy Agency said that global CO2 emissions from power production flattened last year as growth of renewable energy and fuel switching from coal to natural gas led to lower emissions from advanced economies.